Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies for Inflammatory Root Resorption Induced by Orthodontic Pressure‐Mediated Disruption of Root Homeostasis

Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is one of the most severe and common complications associated with clinical orthodontic treatment. With the widespread application of new technologies such as cone-beam computed tomography in clinical dental practice, a significant number of root resorption cases have been detected. Therefore, it is particularly important to effectively avoid and control root resorption during clinical treatment. However, the specific molecular biological mechanisms underlying OIIRR have not been fully elucidated, and there are currently no effective therapeutic approaches. It is essential to investigate the mechanisms by which orthodontic pressure acts on periodontal tissue cells, disrupts root homeostasis, and triggers OIIRR, as well as to explore experimental treatment strategies. This review summarizes the pathophysiological cascade leading to OIIRR, organizes emerging mechanisms (such as classical pyroptosis of periodontal tissue cells, ferroptosis of periodontal ligament stem cells, and the sensing role of mechanosensitive channels in response to orthodontic pressure), and outlines current experimental treatment strategies for OIIRR.