Prevalence and Spread of HIV in China in the Past Two Decades

China has maintained a low overall HIV/AIDS prevalence over the past 20 years. Nevertheless, the disease has undergone a growing variety of transmission pathways, with a substantial increase in infection rates among young people and the elderly. Through a thorough analysis of nationally disclosed epidemiological data, this study methodically summarizes the evolving trends and changing patterns of HIV epidemics in China, with a particular focus on the epidemiological characteristics of identified high-risk populations. Additionally, it assesses the advancements made in China’s prevention and control efforts and suggests improvement tactics, including expanding the dissemination of sexual education, improving the effectiveness of interventions for vulnerable groups, and increasing the establishment of social support networks according to the country’s unique circumstances.