Research progress on biodiesel production utilizing waste oils and biomass-derived catalysts

Against the backdrop of global energy transition and sustainable development, biodiesel has emerged as a promising renewable and clean energy source, with technological innovation and optimization in its production attracting significant attention. The utilization of non-edible oils (e.g., waste oils) as feedstocks and biomass-derived catalysts for large-scale biodiesel production represents an effective approach to reducing production costs while addressing food safety and environmental concerns. This review systematically examines recent advancements in two critical areas: the application of second-generation non-edible oils, particularly waste cooking oils, as biodiesel feedstocks, and the development of catalysts derived from renewable resources and mineral carriers. The proposed strategy of integrating novel catalysts with waste oil feedstocks not only achieves efficient resource utilization of waste materials and cost reduction but also mitigates environmental burdens. Future research should focus on in-depth investigation of the structure-activity relationships of biomass-derived catalysts to optimize their performance, as well as the deep integration of catalyst design with biomass waste utilization. These efforts will be pivotal in advancing the sustainable development of the biodiesel industry. • Raw materials for producing biodiesel, Waste cooking oil and Non-Edible oil. • Application of Biomass-Derived Catalysts and Mineral-Supported Catalysts. • Research Progress and Application Prospects of Biodiesel. • Production Methods of Biodiesel, transesterification Method.