Global meta-analysis of bioenergy crops reveals substantial greenhouse gas mitigation potential

• A meta-analysis synthesizes 2649 data points from 718 studies across 31 countries provides robust evidence for the bioenergy potential. • Miscanthus cultivated on croplands achieves high yield (12.93–32.0 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) with low GHG emissions (4.14–6.39 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). • Miscanthus and eucalyptus exhibits superior GHG mitigation potential via integrated machine learning and LSTM modeling. • Miscanthus on cropland emerges as the optimal scalable bioenergy crop, while most other land-crop systems offer limited climate benefits. Bioenergy crops offer potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, although the global abatement potential across different land use types remains insufficiently researched. Based on a meta-analysis of 718 publications covering 74 species across 31 countries, this study quantified yield, GHG emissions, and mitigation potential under various land systems. Results reveal that land-crop configurations fundamentally determine GHG tradeoffs: croplands optimize synergies, (e.g., Miscanthus: 12.93 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ yield, 4.14 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ emissions), forests increase emissions despite high productivity, and wetlands perform poorly. Random forest modeling identified key drivers (e.g., clay content for yield, rotation frequency for emissions). Long-term projections show Miscanthus maintains robust productivity and stable emissions until 2050, while uncertainty rises for other crops. Strategic prioritization recommends Miscanthus on croplands/grasslands and avoidance of high-emission systems. The results underscore that scalable bioenergy deployment aligned with Paris Agreement targets requires context-specific land-crop matching and strict avoidance of high-emission types.