Supplementation with commercially available probiotic bacterial strains reduces fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans by regulating the lipid metabolism pathway

<i> Enterococcus faecium</i> T-110 (EFT110), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> TO-A (BSTOA), and <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> TO-A (CBTOA) are probiotic bacteria used as supplements to improve intestinal symptoms in humans, chickens, pigs, cattle, and fish. However, their effects on hosts remain unclear. Our previous study showed that EFT110, BSTOA, and CBTOA extend the lifespan of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> . In this study, we investigated the effects of these three strains on fat accumulation in nematodes; and observed that each bacterium significantly reduced fat accumulation by regulating gene expression in lipid metabolic pathways.