Temporal Trends and Disparities in Mortality Due to Sepsis and Ischemic Heart Disease in the United States Adults 1999–2023: A Retrospective Analysis

Ischemic heart disease and sepsis remain a significant public health challenge with a large number of mortalities. Our study examined mortality trends due to ischemic heart disease and sepsis in the United States from 1999 to 2023. We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research from 1999 to 2023 per 100,000 population. Join-point regression determined annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change with 95% confidence intervals. From 1999 to 2023 the overall age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) decreased with a notable change from 2005 to 2009 (APC: -3.98%). However, rates significantly increased from 2018 to 2021 (APC: 5.78%) before experiencing a steep decline from 2021 to 2023 (APC: -7.72%). Men consistently had a higher overall AAMR (12.04) than women (7.11). Among races, the non-Hispanic Black or African American population had the highest overall AAMR (12.53). Geographic trends indicated the highest mortalities in the Northeast region (7.98) and metropolitan areas (9.53). Age group trends revealed older adults having the highest AAMR, which declined from 1999 to 2023 (40.32). Although there was an overall decline from 1999 to 2023, a significant increase was observed from 2018 to 2021, followed by a rapid decline. Disparities persist with men, Black, older adults, and individuals in the Northeast and metropolitan areas experiencing higher death rates. These findings highlight the need for targeted intervention to reduce the burden of conditions, particularly in high-risk groups.