Major Gods and Goddesses in the Mummy-form in Ancient Egypt

This research investigates the major Egyptian gods and goddesses depicted in the mummy-form, aiming to analyze the contexts, positions, and symbolic meanings of these representations. The study examines their appearances across various sources, including the Books of the Afterlife, temple and tomb reliefs, and funerary papyri, to trace how the divine mummy form evolved through different historical periods. It classifies the gods and goddesses according to the frequency of their depiction in this form, identifying their characteristic attributes, regalia, and associated symbols.Special attention is given to the theological and artistic significance of portraying deities as mummy-form figures, a concept deeply rooted in Egyptian beliefs about death, resurrection, and divine protection. The study also explores the interrelationship between these gods and the two principal gods connected with the afterlife and solar renewal—Osiris and Re—highlighting how their fusion of funerary and solar aspects reflects broader religious transformations during the New Kingdom and later periods. Through this analytical approach, the research aims to provide a clearer understanding of the role and symbolism of the mummy-form image within the framework of ancient Egyptian religion and iconography.