Molecular and Genetic Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

Molecular and genetic biomarkers show promise for improving AS by reducing diagnostic misclassification and enhancing prediction of progression. Future research should define clinically relevant cut-offs, clarify integration with MRI, and evaluate longitudinal use. Demonstrating utility in contemporary cohorts could enable the development of biomarker-guided, personalised AS that maintains safety while minimising harm.