Overview of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus containing synbiotic supplementation in poultry, swine and ruminant nutrition

The continuous use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock production has raised significant global concerns due to its contribution to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the potential residue deposition in animal products, posing indirect risks to consumers. This critical issue necessitates the urgent development of effective natural alternatives capable of mitigating the negative impacts of antibiotic overuse without compromising overall animal health and productivity. Probiotic genera such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium have been confirmed to have enormous benefits, being part of the microbial communities in the gut of livestock, therefore same is expected to be achieved when they are part of a synbiotic combination especıally when incorporated as feed additives in livestock nutrition. Consequently, this article gives an overview of the efficacy of synbiotic formulations—particularly those incorporating Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus species —across ruminants, poultry, and swine. By synthesizing more recent researches, it aims to assess the impact of these synbiotics on livestock gut health, growth performance, and disease resistance and to establish their viability as sustainable replacements for antibiotic growth promoters.