Emerging applications and research trends of 3D printing and bioprinting in thoracic surgery: a bibliometric and visualized analysis

Global research on 3D printing in thoracic surgery has expanded rapidly, with a clear transition from mechanical reconstruction toward biologically functional and regenerative approaches. The integration of bioprinting with advanced imaging, artificial intelligence, and robotics holds promise for personalized, precision thoracic surgery. Continued interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential to accelerate clinical translation and regulatory approval of biofabricated constructs.