Harnessing artificial intelligence for preservice teachers’ development: A scoping review of applications, benefits, and challenges

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into teacher education is profoundly reshaping the professional development of preservice teachers. This scoping review examines the application of AI in this context, aiming to delineate its characteristics, benefits, and challenges. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this study conducted a systematic search of three academic databases (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost) for empirical research published between 2020 and 2025. After screening an initial pool of literature, 55 studies were included for analysis. The findings reveal a diverse landscape of AI applications, technologies, and subject distributions in preservice teacher development. The analysis indicates that AI can significantly enhance various competencies, including instructional design, subject-specific instruction, practical teaching skills, evaluation efficiency, reflective practice, critical thinking, technology integration, and pedagogical innovation. However, several challenges were identified, encompassing technical limitations, the risk of over-reliance, ethical and social concerns, and barriers to implementation. This review advocates for a proactive approach to leveraging AI’s innovative potential while reducing its associated risks. Future research should focus on the continual evaluation and adaptation of AI tools to ensure they effectively support and advance the professional development of preservice teachers.