Assessment Following Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer

Abstract Over the past decade, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has become increasingly accepted and adopted as the initial treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Following TNT, treatment response is assessed using three main modalities: clinical exam, endoscopy, and imaging. In this article, we summarize the known advantages, disadvantages, and controversies associated with each method of assessment.