GOJI BERRIES IN ANTI-AGING AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

Aging is a multifactorial biological process characterized by progressive functional decline, increased susceptibility to chronic diseases, and reduced physiological resilience. Functional foods and nutraceuticals have gained increasing attention as supportive strategies within anti-aging and preventive medicine. Among them, goji berries (Lycium barbarum and Lycium chinense) are widely consumed; however, their biological relevance and clinical significance require careful, evidence-based evaluation. This narrative review summarizes and critically analyzes experimental and clinical data regarding the effects of goji berries on biological mechanisms and organ systems relevant to aging. Particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing mechanistic and preclinical findings from human clinical evidence. Available data indicate that antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and metabolic effects are predominantly supported by experimental studies, while human evidence is most consistent for ocular health outcomes, including plasma zeaxanthin levels and macular characteristics. Limitations of current evidence and directions for future research are discussed.