Asylum seekers as vulnerable applicants - The CJEU’s approach to causation and evidence in the Frontex appeal judgments

The CJEU’s recent appeal judgments in WS and Others v Frontex and Hamoudi v Frontex clarify the Court’s approach to the questions of causation and evidence. Notably, the Court acknowledges the applicants’ vulnerable position, reframing Frontex’s role in pushback operations.