A Novel Vanadium–Titanium Redox Flow Battery with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance & Greener Alternative

In pursuit of efficient and cost‐effective grid‐scale energy storage solutions, redox flow batteries (RFBs) have emerged as champions by offering a promising solution owing to their design scalability. However, conventional vanadium RFBs are limited by high and volatile material costs. Here, a novel vanadium–titanium RFB (VTRFB) is presented that combines the redox potential of vanadium (V 5+ /V 4+ ) with the low cost and natural abundance of titanium (Ti 3+ /Ti 4+ ). The VTRFB delivers a long‐term performance over more than 500 h (>150 cycles), maintaining ≈100% coulombic efficiency (CE%) and ≈80% voltage (VE%) and energy (EE%) efficiencies. Furthermore, the RFB also reaches an energy density of ≈21.8 Wh L −1 with a stable nominal discharge voltage of 0.9 V. To advance sustainability and green chemistry, the vanadium catholyte is replaced with a BmimCl‐based ionic‐liquid formulation, and a cost‐effective SPEEK membrane is incorporated. Both modifications preserve CE > 90% and VE%/EE% above 50%, demonstrating that the system remains robust even under greener and lower‐cost configurations. This VTRFB design integrates low‐cost materials and high electrochemical performance, representing a significant step toward next‐generation sustainable RFBs.

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Publication Details

Journal
ChemElectroChem
Published
2026-01-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202500441
Primary Topic
Advanced battery technologies research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

A Novel Vanadium–Titanium Redox Flow Battery with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance & Greener Alternative

Kalyan Sundar Krishna Chivukula, Yansong Zhao
ChemElectroChem
Advanced battery technologies research
article

A Novel Vanadium–Titanium Redox Flow Battery with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance & Greener Alternative

Kalyan Sundar Krishna Chivukula, Yansong Zhao
article en

Abstract

In pursuit of efficient and cost‐effective grid‐scale energy storage solutions, redox flow batteries (RFBs) have emerged as champions by offering a promising solution owing to their design scalability. However, conventional vanadium RFBs are limited by high and volatile material costs. Here, a novel vanadium–titanium RFB (VTRFB) is presented that combines the redox potential of vanadium (V 5+ /V 4+ ) with the low cost and natural abundance of titanium (Ti 3+ /Ti 4+ ). The VTRFB delivers a long‐term performance over more than 500 h (>150 cycles), maintaining ≈100% coulombic efficiency (CE%) and ≈80% voltage (VE%) and energy (EE%) efficiencies. Furthermore, the RFB also reaches an energy density of ≈21.8 Wh L −1 with a stable nominal discharge voltage of 0.9 V. To advance sustainability and green chemistry, the vanadium catholyte is replaced with a BmimCl‐based ionic‐liquid formulation, and a cost‐effective SPEEK membrane is incorporated. Both modifications preserve CE > 90% and VE%/EE% above 50%, demonstrating that the system remains robust even under greener and lower‐cost configurations. This VTRFB design integrates low‐cost materials and high electrochemical performance, representing a significant step toward next‐generation sustainable RFBs.

ChemElectroChemVol. 13(1)
Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (NO)
Høgskulen på Vestlandet
Responsible consumption and production
Openalex Percentile: Top 96%
Advanced battery technologies research
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