Cost-effectiveness analysis of early versus late switching in treatment-naïve patients with refractory diabetic macular oedema in the Turkish population: real-world data from the Bosphorus DME study group, report number 5
Although early switching yields the greatest visual improvement and faster rehabilitation, it incurs higher costs. The no-switch strategy provided modest visual improvement at the lowest cost, resulting in the most favourable cost-effectiveness ratio. Late switching produced limited benefit at high cost, rendering it an unfavourable option. Treatment decisions should balance clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness on an individual basis.
Authors
- Abdullah Özkaya
- Dilan Yıldız
- Mehmet Erdoğan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2556-7383)
- Gamze Karataş (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4125-4819)
- Bengi Demirayak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-3470)
- Mine Öztürk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-1021)
- Semra Tiryaki Demir (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-6041)
- İlke Onur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5082-6298)
- Mustafa Hepokur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-8084)
- Ecem Önder Tokuç (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-6716)
- Turgay Uçak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4977-4942)
- Anıl Korkmaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-854X)
- Mehmet Egemen Karataş (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-164X)
- V. Levent Karabaş (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7860-4603)
- İbrahim Koçak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-8346)
- Ece Özal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-9308)
- Sadık Altan Özal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-1049)
- Murat Arıcı (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7832-5831)
- Akın Çakır
- Şerife Çiloğlu Hayat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0759-2024)
- Serhat Ermiş (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-3090)
- Murat Karapapak
- Nihat Sayın
Institutions
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University (TR)
- Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (TR)
- Memorial Sisli Hospital (TR)
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa (TR)
- Beyoglu Goz Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi (TR)
- Bakırköy Dr.Sadi Konuk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (TR)
- Şişli Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (TR)
- İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi (TR)
- İstanbul Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura Şehir Hastanesi
- Kocaeli Üniversitesi (TR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Clinical and Experimental Optometry
- Published
- 2026-01-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2601290
- Primary Topic
- Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00