Predisposing Factors for Chronic Post-Surgical Pain After Thoracic Surgery: A Scoping Review with Quantitative Synthesis

CPSP after thoracic and cardiothoracic surgery results from interacting nociceptive, psychological, procedural, and biological factors. Although heterogeneity across studies requires cautious interpretation, this synthesis highlights early postoperative pain control and psychological vulnerability screening as priority strategies in perioperative care, and underscores the need for standardized, prospective, biomarker-informed research.