A Review on Substitution Encryption Techniques using Hill Cipher

Abstract: In the digital age, when online communication and transactions are common, it is veryimportant to make sure that sensitive information is sent safely. Unauthorised access to this kindof material is a big danger to privacy and secrecy. Substitution encryption techniques are basicparts of both classical and current cryptography. They safeguard data by replacing each letter,byte, or symbol in plaintext with a corresponding ciphered version. The Hill cipher is one of themthat stands out since it is based on matrix multiplication and is therefore less likely to be broken byordinary cryptanalysis. The Hill cipher is a substitution encryption method that is based on matrixmultiplication and is hard to crack. The standard Hill cipher algorithm makes keys by using 2 × 2and 3 × 3 matrices. These mixed methods make things more sophisticated, secure, and flexible.The study looks at each approach based on five main criteria: how secure it is, how hard it is tobreak, how efficient it is, and how well it works with other methods. The results and literaturereview show that recent improvements to the Hill cipher work far better than older models and arepotential options for safe communication in the face of new cyber threats.