Social acceptance of a hydrogen-driven industrial transition in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Abstract Background Germany’s commitment to climate neutrality by 2045 poses significant challenges for its energy-intensive industries, especially in North Rhine-Westphalia, where green hydrogen is essential for the decarbonisation of basic industries. In this study, we investigate social acceptance of the hydrogen-driven industrial transition, focusing on public perspectives and the perspectives of stakeholders in industry, non-governmental organisations, trade unions, and political administration. Results The results indicate broad support for industrial green hydrogen use but also highlight acceptance issues along its value chain. Key challenges emerge in political, economic, social, and environmental dimensions, with notable public risk perception of hydrogen transport. Our analysis shows that increasing concerns tend to be accompanied by a willingness to protest, while knowledge is associated with acceptance of industrial hydrogen use. Conclusions Stakeholders must find ways to gather and address local public concerns. Moreover, the results indicate the need to assess green hydrogen along its entire value chain and on an international scale.