Amniotic fluid neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and L-type fatty acid-binding protein levels in predicting long-term prognosis in fetal growth restriction and preterm birth: a preliminary study

Amniotic fluid NGAL and L-FABP levels were associated with adverse long-term outcomes, providing preliminary, proof-of-concept evidence of their potential prognostic relevance. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings and clarify their clinical applicability.