Decoding wound healing: cellular insights and technological advances

Wound healing is a complex process involving spatiotemporal patterning of cellular activity across four overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, which restore anatomic and functional tissue integrity. Recent advances in cell-based technologies have increased focus on cell populations, heterogeneity, and phenotypes during healing. This manuscript reviews traditional and emerging technologies that advance our understanding of the cellular biology of wounds, from histological methods to high-resolution single-cell, spatial-, and multi-omics.