Thermal and Entropic Analysis of Viscous Fluid Flow in a Porous Channel With Convective Heat Transfer and Magnetic Field Aspects

ABSTRACT This study examines the thermal and entropy generation characteristics of viscous fluid flow through a porous channel under convective cooling and magnetic field effects. The flow is modeled using the steady state momentum and energy equations and solved numerically via a finite difference scheme. Parametric variations in Darcy number (), magnetic parameter (), pressure gradient (), Biot number (), Prandtl number (), Eckert number (), and internal heat generation () are analyzed. Results show that increasing from 0 to 20 reduces entropy generation by approximately 18%, while raising from 0 to 0.6 decreases entropy by about 12%. Higher and promote thermal buildup but increase irreversibility, whereas stronger and stabilize flow, lower temperatures, and improve thermodynamic efficiency. The Nusselt number increases with and , enhancing heat transfer, while skin friction decreases with stronger magnetic fields. These findings provide practical guidance for selecting permeability, magnetic field strength, and surface heat transfer characteristics to optimize energy efficiency and thermal performance in porous channel thermal systems and magnetohydrodynamic applications.