Unmet needs of family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in Oman: a cross-sectional study

The global rise of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) places increasing demands on family caregivers (FCs). However, specific regional data regarding their needs, particularly in Oman, remains scarce. This study aimed to explore the multifaceted needs of primary FCs of individuals with ADRD in Oman, identify influencing factors on their well-being, and propose culturally sensitive support strategies tailored to the local context. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 117 FCs recruited from a memory clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, employing a comprehensive questionnaire to assess various needs and depression levels. Findings indicated a moderate overall level of caregiver need. Home safety and equipment emerged as the most critical concern (relative importance: 70.5%). Psychological and emotional needs (66.5%) and social/community support needs (63.3%) were also highly significant, with caregivers emphasizing patient emotional support (87%) and community dementia education (83%), reflecting prevalent collectivist cultural values. While knowledge and skills-related needs were moderate, specific gaps in anticipating behavioral changes and acquiring basic nursing skills were identified. These insights highlight the complex demands on Omani caregivers. Addressing these requires a multifaceted, culturally attuned national strategy. Key recommendations include implementing national initiatives for subsidized assistive devices and home safety assessments, integrating culturally appropriate mental health services, enhancing community awareness, and developing tailored caregiver training programs. A comprehensive approach is vital to strengthen Oman’s informal care system, improve the quality of life for both individuals with ADRD and their caregivers, and foster a more resilient national healthcare infrastructure.