Distribution and Clinical Characteristics of MIH in Schoolchildren From the Central Peruvian Jungle: A Cross‑Sectional Study

MIH prevalence was 18.8% among schoolchildren in Peru's Central Jungle region. First permanent molars were predominantly affected (upper: 84.8%; lower: 90.9%) compared to incisors. Pattern I distribution occurred in 78.7% of cases, while patterns II/III (21.3%) showed significant male predominance. Molars exhibited greater clinical severity with white-cream opacities, Type III lesions, and higher rates of post-eruptive breakdown and atypical caries, whereas incisors presented mainly mild demarcated opacities.