Epigenetic Mechanisms Linking Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atrial Fibrillation: A Multi-Omics Mendelian Randomization Study

These findings support a pathway by which COPD may influence AF risk through epigenetic regulation and prioritize CpG sites, genes, and potentially druggable targets for further study. Because the underlying datasets are predominantly from individuals of European ancestry, replication in more diverse populations is needed to assess generalizability.