Evaluation of Bovine Biphasic Bone Graft Crystals of Beta Tri-Calcium Phosphate Hydroxyapatite versus Conventional Alloplastic Beta Tri-Calcium Phosphate/ Hydroxyapatite Mixture Bone Graft on Bone Regeneration in Calvarial Bone Defects in Rabbits.

Introduction; As bone regeneration remains a major challenge in reconstructive surgery, this led to a never-ending quest to search for an optimal graft or to even enhance existing bone graft materials. Aim; This study evaluated the osseous regenerative capacity of a newly developed biphasic beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (BCP) derived from cancellous bovine bone (xenograft) and compared its efficacy with a synthetic (alloplast) biphasic beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite in surgically induced calvarial bone defects in rabbits.Methodology; Nine male New Zealand rabbits weighing 3-3.5 kg and 4-4.5 months in age were selected, in which three standardized cranial bone defects were created. Defects were divided into three groups; Group I (control), Group II (grafted with synthetic BCP), and Group III (grafted with the biogenic BCP). Rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks intervals and specimens underwent histological and radiographic analysis. Results; The results of our study showed that both grafted groups (II and III) demonstrated better bone regeneration compared to the control group (I). The biogenic graft showed superior histological performance compared to other groups with more mature bone formations and favorable tissue integration, while the synthetic graft showed increased radiodensity but was associated with a more inflammatory response. Conclusion; Biogenic BCP material has promising regenerative properties and biocompatibility, making it a candidate for future bone regeneration applications.