The Cost of Coerced Returns in Germany

The report examines how the financial and administrative costs of coerced returns in Germany are high, complex, and systematically under-documented. It distinguishes between direct costs (such as implementation of return and reintegration programmes, deportation operations, detention, transportation, and escorts) and indirect costs (including the loss of prior integration investments, labour market impacts, and wider social effects), showing that available data do not allow for a genuine cost‑benefit analysis. Drawing on fragmented and often reluctant disclosures from parliamentary inquiries, audit reports, budget lines and EU sources, the analysis demonstrates how federal structures, strict data protection rules, heterogeneous reporting standards and dispersed budgetary practices obscure the full cost of return, even as individual deportation operations can reach tens of thousands of euros per person and pre‑removal detention adds further hidden expenditure.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-01-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18164828
Primary Topic
Politics, Economics, and Education Policy
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

The Cost of Coerced Returns in Germany

Katja Mielke, Daphne Dyer Wolf, Lamis Saleh, Zeynep Sahin Mencutek
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Politics, Economics, and Education Policy
article

The Cost of Coerced Returns in Germany

Katja Mielke, Daphne Dyer Wolf, Lamis Saleh, Zeynep Sahin Mencutek
article en

Abstract

The report examines how the financial and administrative costs of coerced returns in Germany are high, complex, and systematically under-documented. It distinguishes between direct costs (such as implementation of return and reintegration programmes, deportation operations, detention, transportation, and escorts) and indirect costs (including the loss of prior integration investments, labour market impacts, and wider social effects), showing that available data do not allow for a genuine cost‑benefit analysis. Drawing on fragmented and often reluctant disclosures from parliamentary inquiries, audit reports, budget lines and EU sources, the analysis demonstrates how federal structures, strict data protection rules, heterogeneous reporting standards and dispersed budgetary practices obscure the full cost of return, even as individual deportation operations can reach tens of thousands of euros per person and pre‑removal detention adds further hidden expenditure.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
BICC - Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies (DE)
Openalex Percentile: Top 97%
Politics, Economics, and Education Policy
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.