Lobe-wise cognitive load detection using empirical Fourier decomposition and optimized machine learning

The findings demonstrate that EMFD combined with optimized ensemble learning effectively enhances EEG-based cognitive load detection. The consistent performance across datasets confirms the robustness of the method, while lobe-wise analysis highlights the frontal lobe's key role in cognitive processing. The proposed framework outperforms existing methods and shows strong potential for real-world cognitive monitoring applications.