Effectiveness and Cultural Adaptation of Parenting Interventions for South Asian Families: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review Using Bernal’s Ecological Validity Model

Culturally adapted parenting interventions show promising benefits for parenting practices, parental mental health, and child developmental outcomes among South Asian families, particularly when adaptations extend beyond surface-level changes. However, evidence quality is low and inconsistent, highlighting the need for more rigorous trials and clearer reporting of cultural adaptation to optimize effectiveness.