ABO and Rh Blood Groups as Predictors of Hemoglobin deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The ABO blood group system has been implicated in various diseases, but its association with hemoglobin abnormalities remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ABO blood groups, Rh status, and hemoglobin abnormalities in adults.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,210 adults. Hemoglobin levels and blood group types (ABO and Rh) were analyzed. Participants were categorized based on hemoglobin status (normal or abnormal) and blood group. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and odds ratios, were used to assess associations.Results: Of the participants, 94.63% had normal hemoglobin levels, while 5.37% exhibited deficiency abnormalities. Blood type A had the highest prevalence of decreased abnormal hemoglobin (7.13%), followed by type B (6.13%), while type O had the lowest (3.92%). Rh-negative individuals, particularly those with blood types A- (20%) and B- (12.5%), showed significantly higher rates of abnormal hemoglobin compared to Rh-positive individuals. Females had a higher prevalence of abnormal hemoglobin (6.49%) than males (4.27%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09).Conclusion: Blood type A and Rh-negative status, especially in types A- and B-, are associated with a higher prevalence of hemoglobin abnormalities. These findings suggest that ABO and Rh blood groups may serve as potential predictors for hemoglobin disorders, aiding in targeted screening and early intervention strategies.