How Organizational Health Drives Strategic Flexibility in Egyptian Hotels and Travel Agencies: the Mediating Role of Agility and The Moderating Role of Sector Type

This study investigates the interrelationships among Organizational Health (OH), Organizational Agility (OA), and Strategic Flexibility (SF) within the Egyptian tourism sector, focusing on both hotels and travel agencies. Although OH is widely recognized as a key driver of organizational performance, empirical research in tourism—particularly in emerging economies such as Egypt—remains limited. Using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the study explores how OH influences SF both directly and indirectly through OA, and whether sector type moderates these relationships. To account for potential nonresponse, a total of 429 questionnaires were distributed—231 to hotels and 198 to travel agencies. The data collection yielded 312 responses, representing a gross response rate of approximately 72.7%. After rigorous screening for completeness and consistency, 290 usable questionnaires were retained: 158 from hotels and 132 from travel agencies, corresponding to a net nonresponse rate of 27.3%. The findings reveal that OH positively contributes to the development of OA, which in turn enhances SF. Additionally; OH has a direct effect on SF, with OA acting as a partial mediator in this relationship. Contrary to expectations, sector type (hotels versus travel agencies) does not significantly moderate the relationship between OH and OA, suggesting consistent effects across both sectors. Overall, the results underscore the pivotal role of organizational health in fostering agility and strategic responsiveness among tourism organizations. The study contributes theoretically by integrating OH, OA, and SF within a unified conceptual framework and offers practical insights for managers seeking to strengthen organizational resilience, adaptability, and competitiveness in dynamic service environments.