Comparison of Rootzone Aeration, Root Porosity, and Physiology of <i>Canna indica</i> Grown in Tap Water and Domestic and Brewery Wastewater

The effect of synthetic and real domestic wastewater, tap water, and synthetic and real brewery wastewater on the growth and physiological characteristics, extent of rootzone aeration, and root porosity of Canna indica macrophytes has been assessed for the first time. It was observed that the C. indica macrophytes cultivated using synthetic domestic wastewater showed the best results in terms of growth and physiological characteristics, rate of aeration from roots, and root porosity, followed by the C. indica macrophytes exposed to real domestic wastewater, tap water, synthetic brewery wastewater, and real brewery wastewater. The rate of rootzone aeration by C. indica macrophytes was positively correlated with the root porosity and physiological and growth characteristics of C. indica macrophytes. The rates of aeration from the roots of the C. indica macrophytes exposed to synthetic domestic wastewater, real domestic wastewater, tap water, synthetic brewery wastewater, and real brewery wastewater were 0.194, 0.184, 0.179, 0.151, and 0.137 mg of oxygen per g of fresh weight of C. indica per day, respectively, and the corresponding root porosities were 16.3% ± 0.3%, 12.7% ± 0.3%, 8.3% ± 0.2%, 6.0% ± 0.5%, and 4.5% ± 0.1%, respectively.