Mussel-Inspired Biodegradable Ca ²⁺ Complex Double Network Pectin-Based Hydrogel for Hemostasis and Tissue Regeneration

Inspired by mussel adhesion mechanisms and the structural advantages of double network (DN) hydrogels, this study developed a catechol- and polyphosphate-modified natural biomacromolecular-based DN hydrogel to tackle critical wound healing challenges, including persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired angiogenesis. The hydrogel exhibits tailored mechanical adaptability to wound microenvironments, ensuring conformal coverage under high-glucose conditions. Its inherent hemostatic capacity stems from rapid interfacial adhesion and coagulation activation, addressing the bleeding complications commonly observed in wounds. Furthermore, the hydrogel actively modulates pathological microenvironments via ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects while facilitating sustained release of bioactive components to synergistically promote angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and epithelial regeneration. In summary, this mussel-inspired glycosyl cyclic hydrogel integrated multifunctional therapeutic advantages including microenvironment regulation, dynamic adaptability, and pro-regenerative signaling into a single platform, demonstrating great potential as a next-generation dressing for refractory diabetic wound management.