Physicochemical and antibacterial evaluation of novel nano α-TCP–AgNPs biocomposites for direct pulp-capping applications

The nano α-TCP/AgNPs composites, particularly the 1% AgNPs formulation, exhibited sustained calcium and phosphate ion release, stable alkaline pH, adequate compressive strength, and strong <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>. These physicochemical and antibacterial properties highlight that this biocomposite is a promising candidate for future direct pulp-capping applications. However, its cellular responses and dentin regenerative potential must be confirmed through dedicated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies.