Institutional Constraints of the European Union in the Management of Migration Risks (2015–2025)

The subject of this study is the Migration Risk Management System in the European Union in the context of security. The object of the research is the institutional mechanisms of EU migration policy during the period 2015–2025. The article examines the transformation of migration from a predominantly humanitarian issue into a factor affecting security, as well as the impact of institutional fragmentation on the effectiveness of decision-making. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the EU’s responses to migration crises, including emergency measures adopted in 2015–2016 and subsequent attempts to reform the asylum and migration management system. The analysis focuses on the role of supranational EU institutions, the problem of solidarity among member states, and the consequences of the predominance of reactive approaches. Examining these processes makes it possible to identify the structural constraints of the European model of migration risk management and to assess their impact on the sustainability of the EU security system. The methodological framework of the study is based on institutional and comparative approaches, analysis of official European Union documents, and the examination of analytical and statistical materials related to EU migration policy. The scientific novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of the institutional constraints of the European Union in managing migration risks as a factor contributing to security challenges. The analysis demonstrates that migration acquires conflict potential not only due to the scale of migration flows, but also as a result of structural features of the EU decision-making system. The main conclusion is that institutional fragmentation, limited solidarity mechanisms, and the predominance of reactive measures reduce the effectiveness of migration policy and hinder the development of proactive strategies. It is argued that even large-scale reforms, including the adoption of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, do not fully eliminate the identified constraints. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between migration and security and may be useful for Russian academic and analytical practice when examining foreign models of migration risk management and comparing them with national approaches to security.