Use of Risk Communication in Prevention and Management of Noncommunicable Diseases in India

Abstract India faces a mounting epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension, diabetes, and oral cancer, that demands effective risk communication strategies for prevention and management. This review evaluates a decade of evidence on approaches ranging from community health worker initiatives and mobile health interventions to participatory and culturally-adapted campaigns. Results indicate that multi-channel communication–combining digital tools with interpersonal engagement–yields the best outcomes, especially when adapted to local languages and literacy. Effective risk messaging improves screening rates, treatment adherence, and health behaviors, particularly in underserved communities. Challenges persist, including digital divides, variable health literacy, and inconsistent training among frontline workers. Tobacco cessation and stroke prevention efforts highlight the importance of trusted messengers, tailored content, and community involvement. Embedding risk communication within routine care pathways, ensuring continuous provider-patient dialogue, and co-creating health materials with communities are key to sustaining change. Holistic, context-sensitive communication is essential to curb India’s growing NCD burden.