A Case of Bronchial Dieulafoy's Disease Presenting as an Endobronchial Polypoid Lesion That Regressed After Bronchial Artery Embolisation

A 37-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a history of a small amount of hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy revealed a polypoid lesion in the left main bronchus. Due to oozing bleeding from the lesion, biopsy was deferred to avoid fatal haemorrhage risk. Bronchial angiography revealed an abnormal tortuous branch with pulmonary artery shunting. Bronchial artery embolisation with coils was successfully performed without complications. Bronchial Dieulafoy's disease was diagnosed. Follow-up bronchoscopy approximately 4 months post-embolisation showed regression of the polypoid lesion, with residual scar formation. Subsequently, the hemoptysis resolved completely. Dieulafoy's disease is characterised by a large-calibre, submucosal artery lying just beneath the mucosa, predisposing to abrupt haemorrhage despite minimal or no mucosal defect. Although this disease has been classically described in the gastrointestinal tract, analogous lesions also occur in the bronchial tree. This case highlights the visual confirmation of lesion regression by bronchoscopy after bronchial artery embolisation.