Effect of acute exercise on the dynamics of testosterone levels: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Variations in testosterone level modulation due to acute exercise are predominantly influenced by exercise mode, intensity, sample source, and subject characteristics (gender and age). While resistance training and high-intensity exercise might temporarily increase testosterone levels, it is essential to consider the potential for hormonal imbalance after recovery; age and sex variations, along with assay standardization, are critical areas for further investigation. This review was registered PROSPERO with registration number CRD420251007222.