New Prenylated Isoflavonoids From <i>Erythrina addisoniae</i> With Anti‐Neuroinflammatory Activity via Nuclear Factor Kappa‐Light‐Chain‐Enhancer of Activated B Cells Pathway Suppression

Recent investigations have identified prenylated isoflavonoids as major constituents of Erythrina addisoniae, yet their anti-neuroinflammatory potential remains unexplored. Through bioassay-guided isolation, two new prenylated isoflavonoids (1 and 2), along with nine known compounds (3-11), were characterized using spectroscopic methods. All isolates were tested for inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglial cells. Compounds 1, 6, 7, and 10 significantly reduced NO levels, with compounds 1 and 10 showing the strongest activity (IC₅₀ values of 3.57 ± 1.22 and 0.69 ± 0.18 µM, respectively). Western blot analysis confirmed the downregulation of inducible NO synthase protein, and molecular docking analysis revealed that compound 10 interacts with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. These results highlight prenylated isoflavonoids from E. addisoniae as potential anti-neuroinflammatory agents.