Multimodal data-driven predictive model for vancomycin serum concentrations in postoperative cardiac surgery patients under cardiopulmonary bypass: a single-center retrospective study

These models effectively predict steady-state vancomycin concentrations in post-CPB patients. Lower CCr and longer CPB duration increase nephrotoxicity risk, while younger age and higher eGFR were associated with increased subtherapeutic concentration risk. These findings facilitate early identification of high-risk patients by clinicians, enabling timely intervention for optimized dosing regimens.