Impact of <i>n</i>  &gt; 1 neoclassical tearing modes on fast ions, plasma rotation, and the onset of disruptive tearing modes in DIII-D ITER baseline scenario

Abstract We present integrated TRANSP-kick analyses quantitatively characterizing how n &gt; 1 magnetic islands redistribute fast ions (FIs) and modify momentum balance in low-torque DIII-D H-mode scenarios operated with the ITER normalized parameter set and shape (ITER baseline scenario, or IBS). In this plasma scenario, disruptive neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) are most commonly seeded by nonlinear 3-wave coupling when the differential rotation between the q = 1 and q = 2 surfaces ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) approaches zero. Analysis of a DIII-D IBS database of shots unstable to the 2/1 NTM demonstrates that the flattening rotation profile is correlated with n &gt; 1 NTM amplitude growth, with a strong drop in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> occurring when the radial magnetic perturbation amplitude at the rational surface ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) is estimated to be about 20 G. The interpretive TRANSP-kick simulations show that the experimentally observed reduction in core rotation is due to the fast-ion kicks. Nonlinearity in momentum losses versus NTM amplitude is found to be correlated with overlap of FI island chains, occurring when <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is about 35 G, in rough agreement with the experimental results. This agreement suggests the primary mechanism for the conductive momentum loss in the core is due to chaotic FI orbits and FI losses developing from overlapping resonant FI island chains.