The impact of antenatal corticosteroids on respiratory and metabolic outcomes in late-preterm births depends on timing, number of courses, and singleton/twin status: a retrospective cohort study

Among late-preterm births, ACS exposure was associated with a reduction in neonatal RDS for singleton pregnancies when administered in optimally timed or repeated courses; however, it was also associated with an increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. In twin pregnancies delivering late-preterm, no significant respiratory benefit was observed. These findings highlight that both treatment timing and pregnancy type are critical considerations when administering ACS.