Study of Hyponatremia in Hypothyroidism Patients

Background: Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which can influence multiple physiological processes, including the maintenance of electrolyte balance.One such electrolyte disturbance, hyponatremia (low serum sodium), has been reported in patients with hypothyroidism.However, the true incidence, severity, and clinical relevance of this association remain uncertain.This study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum TSH and sodium levels in hypothyroid patients to identify any patterns that could assist in clinical decision-making.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving adult patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism (TSH > 4.5 IU/mL).Patients with comorbid conditions, medications, or circumstances likely to affect sodium levels (e.g., pregnancy, infections) were excluded.Serum TSH and sodium levels were measured using standard laboratory procedures.Patients were categorized into mild and severe hypothyroidism groups based on their TSH levels.Comparative and correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS software, and ethical approval was secured. Results:The study revealed a mean TSH level of 38.2131 30.52313 and a mean serum sodium level of 139.7280 4.20302.One-sample t-tests indicated significant deviations from zero for both variables (p < 0.05).However, sodium levels remained within the normal range for most participants.Discussion and conclusion: Although hypothyroid patients showed variability in TSH levels, sodium levels were generally within normal limits, suggesting no strong correlation between TSH concentration and hyponatremia.Hyponatremia may occur in certain severe cases, but it should not be solely attributed to thyroid dysfunction without broader diagnostic evaluation.