Mixed-Method Investigation with SEM Modelling of How Home-Based Physical Activity and Fundamental Motor Skills Influence Early Motor Development in Preschool Children

Introduction: The early motor development of preschool-aged children is shaped by a combination of environmental and behavioral influences, particularly home-based physical activity (HBPA) and fundamental motor skills (FMS).Objective: This research focused on exploring the relationships between HBPA, FMS, and motor competence in preschool-aged children. Additionally, it aimed to assess the mediating effect of FMS through a mixed-method approach that incorporated structural equation modeling.Methods: A total of 315 preschool children, aged 3 to 5 years, along with their caregivers, took part in the study. Preschool-age Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 were utilized for measuring research variables. SEM and semi-structured interviews were used for data analysis.Results: The analysis indicated a positive correlation between HBPA (β = 0.53) and FMS (β = 0.18) with motor competence. Furthermore, FMS was found to significantly mediate the relationship between HBPA and motor competence, evidenced by an indirect effect of β = 0.33. Qualitative findings highlighted that factors such as parental involvement, opportunities for daily active play, and a supportive home environment contributed positively to the development of FMS, while constraints like limited space and excessive screen time posed significant barriers.Conclusion: HBPA plays a crucial role in early motor development, influencing FMS both directly and indirectly. To enhance motor competence in preschoolers, interventions should prioritize parental involvement and promote skill-oriented active play within the home environment.