Conversions Among Z, Y, H, F, T, and S Parameters, Which Are Highly Beneficial for the Analysis of Two-Port Circuits and Filters

This study presents a unified symbolic–numerical framework for the automatic generation and conversion of two-port network parameters, including Z, Y, H, F, T (A, B, C, and D), and S matrices. The method integrates Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA) with exact symbolic computation to derive transfer functions, poles, zeros, and parameter sensitivities directly from the circuit topology, eliminating the need for manual algebraic manipulation. Unlike conventional tools such as PSpice 9.1 or RF simulation software* which operate primarily on numerical models, the proposed approach provides closed-form expressions suitable for analytical design, optimization, and parameter-tolerance evaluation. The implemented software routines generate all parameter sets within a single workflow and enable bidirectional conversion between low-frequency formulations and high-frequency scattering representations. Numerical case studies on band-pass filters confirm the correctness of the generated expressions, with deviations below 1% relative to reference simulation results.

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Publication Details

Journal
Electronics
Published
2026-01-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15020255
Primary Topic
Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Conversions Among Z, Y, H, F, T, and S Parameters, Which Are Highly Beneficial for the Analysis of Two-Port Circuits and Filters

Georgiana Zainea, Steliana Pușcașu, Mihai Rotaru, Mihai Iordache et al.
Electronics
Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
article

Conversions Among Z, Y, H, F, T, and S Parameters, Which Are Highly Beneficial for the Analysis of Two-Port Circuits and Filters

Georgiana Zainea, Steliana Pușcașu, Mihai Rotaru, Mihai Iordache, Dragoș Niculae, Adrian Georgescu
article en

Abstract

This study presents a unified symbolic–numerical framework for the automatic generation and conversion of two-port network parameters, including Z, Y, H, F, T (A, B, C, and D), and S matrices. The method integrates Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA) with exact symbolic computation to derive transfer functions, poles, zeros, and parameter sensitivities directly from the circuit topology, eliminating the need for manual algebraic manipulation. Unlike conventional tools such as PSpice 9.1 or RF simulation software* which operate primarily on numerical models, the proposed approach provides closed-form expressions suitable for analytical design, optimization, and parameter-tolerance evaluation. The implemented software routines generate all parameter sets within a single workflow and enable bidirectional conversion between low-frequency formulations and high-frequency scattering representations. Numerical case studies on band-pass filters confirm the correctness of the generated expressions, with deviations below 1% relative to reference simulation results.

ElectronicsVol. 15(2)
Universitatea Națională de Știință și Tehnologie Politehnica București (RO)
Openalex Percentile: Top 96%
Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
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