GelMA–GelDopa–Sr double-network hydrogel promotes skin regeneration by enhancing angiogenesis and macrophage polarization

The results show that the GelMA-GelDopa-Sr dual-network composite hydrogel exerts antioxidant, angiogenic promotion and immune regulation effects through a synergistic mechanism, which overcomes the challenges of inflammation and insufficient vascularization during skin tissue regeneration and significantly accelerates the regeneration of skin tissues. This research offers new ideas and experimental basis for the design and application of multifunctional hydrogels in the repair of chronic wounds.