SMTP-44D Exerts Renoprotective Effects against Diabetic Nephropathy <i>via</i> Its Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Action

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is among the most serious diabetes-related microvascular complications, a disease with risks leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, only limited DN treatment options are currently available. DN development and progression involve different pathological mechanisms, including inflammation and oxidative stress. Stachybotrys microspora is a fungus producing the triphenyl phenol SMTP-44D, which exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in several disease models. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of SMTP-44D in a DN mouse model, which was created by removing the right kidney of 6-week-old db/db mice. We administered SMTP-44D for 10 weeks between weeks 6 and 16 of age to observe blood glucose levels, renal function parameters, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological characteristics. SMTP-44D treatment did not reduce blood glucose level but significantly decreased serum creatinine and urinary albumin as renal function parameters, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-1 as inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney. In addition, histopathological assessment revealed its preventive effect against glomerulosclerosis and local regenerative tubule. Therefore, we discovered that SMTP-44D might protect renal function without affecting blood glucose level in DN possibly via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, SMTP-44D could be a potential DN treatment agent, even in patients with poor glycemic control.