Static and impact performance of concrete incorporating steel fibres, nano ferric oxide and fine tyre rubber in hybrid forms

The effects of hybrid incorporation of nano ferric oxide (N), fine tyre rubber (R) and steel fibre (F) on the static, microstructural and impact properties of concrete was extensively evaluated. N, R and F were used in binary and ternary hybrid forms. The relationships between the evaluated properties were also evaluated. The results revealed that, in general, the use of N, R and F in hybrid forms remarkably improved concrete performance under static and impact loads and impart the concrete with ductile behaviour. Analysis of the desirability function revealed that the highest overall performance under static and impact loading was obtained from the concrete containing all three materials (N, R and F). Compared with plain concrete, this concrete showed an approximately 51% higher splitting tensile strength, 85% higher flexural strength, 662% higher toughness, 2784% higher fracture energy and 1600% higher impact strength.