A double-edged sword for addiction issues: Bullwhip effect of pharmaceutical supply chain: an exploratory study

Purpose This study investigates how the bullwhip effect (BWE) in pharmaceutical supply chains influences addiction issues. This study aims to identify and rank the independent factors of the BWE that can positively and negatively impact addiction. Additionally, this study seeks to determine relevant corporate and supply chain constructs and propose practical solutions for each identified factor. Design/methodology/approach This research used the Delphi method to collect feedback from 36 pharmaceutical experts from various countries and roles within the supply chain. This study ensured reliable results over three survey phases by carefully considering the number of surveys and questionnaire accuracy. Responses were measured using a five-point Likert scale, and the significance and distribution patterns were statistically analyzed. Experts also provided insights on opportunities and challenges at both corporate and supply chain levels. Findings This study explored the relationship between addiction and BWEs in the pharmaceutical supply chain, identifying opportunities and challenges at corporate and supply chain levels. This study identified 24 independent constructs, 10 related to opportunities and 14 to challenges analyzing 498 expert responses. These findings provide valuable insights for tackling challenges and using opportunities in the pharmaceutical supply chain. Originality/value This research explores the intersection between the BWE in pharmaceutical supply chains and its impact on addiction issues. This study enhances understanding of these complexities by examining specific constructs of the BWE and their correlation with addiction. This paper also identifies effective solutions for each construct, offering valuable insights for policymakers, pharmaceutical industry stakeholders and addiction treatment practitioners. This study aims to fill a critical gap in the current literature and highlights the need for further investigation into the relationship between supply chain dynamics and addiction issues.