Challenges for Open and Distance Learning Students: Experiences from students of the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN)

Open and distance learning has emerged as a critical alternative to traditional face-to-face education, particularly in developing countries where access to higher education remains limited. This study investigates the challenges faced by students of the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), the foremost institution offering open and distance learning in the country. Data were collected through survey questionnaire administered via Google Forms to students at different study centres of the university. Using a qualitative research design, data were analysed, the study identified several individual-related challenges that affect the academic performance of students at the National Open University of Nigeria such as evidence of personal and socioeconomic constraints that hinder academic focus; technical difficulties, majority of the students expressed having difficulty in using digital tools and platforms and instructional-related challenges such as low interaction students with facilitators; students having difficulty with registration of their courses, limited/delay in communication between the university and the students, insufficient learners support services at the study centres and delayed distribution of respective course materials to the students at the study centres. The study concludes by recommending improved institutional support systems, improved supportive roles to the students, development and distribution of course materials across all the study centres and investment in digital infrastructure, to enhance the overall effectiveness of open and distance learning in Nigeria. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders aiming to strengthen the open and distance learning framework in developing contexts.